Sexual & Reproductive Health

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent metabolic and reproductive disorders impacting women of reproductive age, affecting an estimated 8-13% of reproductive-aged women.

PCOS is diagnosed by two of the following three criteria: irregular or absent menstrual periods, signs or symptoms of hyperandrogenism (unwanted facial or body hair, male-pattern baldness or hair thinning, acne or elevated level of testosterone), and polycystic ovaries on an ultrasound. Symptoms of PCOS can vary from person to person and may also include infertility and weight gain. People with PCOS are more likely to have other health conditions including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, heart disease, and endometrial cancer. The biological and psychological effects of PCOS, particularly those related to obesity, body image and infertility, can lead to mental health problems and social stigma. Despite efforts in basic research, the exact cause of PCOS is poorly understood, although genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development.